标签： 喊山

武夷山有许多出名的民俗，以下是一些主要的民俗活动：

枫坡村拔烛桥：省级非遗项目，是枫坡村独特的闹元宵活动。正月十四至十六举行，由村中长者率领舞灯队，队伍中有吉祥灯、高照灯、自扎花灯等，青年小伙子扛着 “烛桥” 压阵。“烛桥” 由木架组成，可插蜡烛，连接起来像木龙或浮桥。到达村中心后，烛桥会进行翻滚、摇晃等表演，最后上村、下村两队会进行拔河比赛，谁把对方的烛桥拔到自家田里谁就获胜。

蜡烛会：起源于唐朝，为悼念辟支古佛（扣冰老佛）而起。各地会期不同，吴屯是农历二月初一，黎口为二月初六，岚谷为二月十一，大浑为二月十五，城关为二月二十一，其中城关最为隆重。会期有 “议会”“佛过街”“赛佛” 等活动，二十一日午后正式开始迎佛，队伍中有大号、迎牌、三十六台 “仙仔” 等，晚上还有 “烛桥”“烛轮”“烛亭” 沿街游行，烛光冲天，颇为壮观。

柴头会：已有一百多年历史，源于 1866 年四乡农民在起义首领陈顺光带领下，于农历二月初六扛着木棍、竹叉和扁担等冲进县衙门，迫使县官免除多项税收的事件。为纪念这一胜利，每年农历二月初六在城关举行盛会，如今已成为福建省民间的较大盛会之一，会上会集中竹竿柴棍农具及一切日用品进行售卖。

吴屯妇女喝茶俗：这一习俗已有上千年历史，男人概不介入，只有女性才有资格参加。设宴喝茶由村里农家妇女轮流作东，用饭碗喝茶，茶叶不讲究，茶水用三角茶壶在灶门炉前文火煨开。“茶宴” 上农家以茶代酒，相互敬茶，边喝边聊，起到交流情感、增进邻里和睦的作用。

喊山与开山：是武夷山御茶园内举行的一种仪式，每年于惊蛰日由知县主持祭祀活动，茶农齐声高喊 “茶发芽，茶发芽”，以祈求神灵保佑武夷岩茶丰收、甘醇，这是 “喊山”。“开山” 一般定于立夏，标志着新茶采摘的开始。

舞龙舞狮：是武夷山春节期间的传统民俗活动，正月十五元宵灯节时，县城的大街小巷张灯结彩，举行踩街和赛灯，龙灯、花灯汇聚在一起，争奇斗艳，锣鼓喧天，热闹非凡。

板凳龙：黎前村的板凳龙已有几个世纪之久，2008 年被列为国家级非物质文化遗产推荐项目。村民们把一节节的板凳钻孔链接，组成板凳长龙，可达两百多米长，每人各举一凳，板凳上扎着花灯，夜晚花灯内点燃烛光，形成一条长长的灯龙，相传是由 “舞龙求雨” 的宗教活动演变而来。

鱼龙灯：是随闽籍渔民迁徙而传入发展而成的传统民俗文化活动，已有 380 多年历史。传说明朝嘉靖年间，在对抗倭寇时，渔家女子想出计谋，将士换装混杂在鱼、龙灯队伍中，一举歼灭倭匪，此后每年元宵节前有 “接龙” 习俗。

天心村斗茶会：斗茶雅称茗战，源于福建闽北，北宋时为选取好茶进贡，朝廷组织斗茶赛，后渐渐成为民间的集会和文化娱乐活动。武夷山天心村是重要的武夷岩茶生产基地，按照传统习俗每年举办一次斗茶赛，通过比拼茶叶的品质、制作工艺等，选出好茶。

武夷山喊山是武夷山茶文化中一种古老的祭祀风俗，体现了当地茶人对自然的敬畏和对茶叶丰收的祈愿。以下是详细介绍：

历史渊源

武夷山喊山习俗最早可追溯至元代。元至顺二年（1331 年），武夷岩茶成为朝廷贡品，管辖崇安县的建宁府总管在专为皇家焙茶的御茶园的通仙井之畔建了 “喊山台”，山上还建了 “喊山寺”，用于供奉茶神。每年惊蛰之日，御茶园的官吏偕同当地县令带领做茶的隶卒，亲自登临喊山台，祭祀茶神，乞求神灵庇护来年风调雨顺，茶叶丰收，武夷茶农喊山的古老祭神仪式便源于此。

仪式流程及内容

祭祀时间：每年惊蛰前后，各山头都会举办隆重的喊山仪式，在 “谷雨” 前后进行开山采茶等活动。

祭祀流程：古时，地方官员会率领御茶园官吏及茶园员工，前往喊山台，供以三牲、酒馔，点香燃烛，顶礼膜拜，宣读祭文。如今，在九龙窠等主会场，会有非遗传承人、茶企代表等参与祭茶祈福，他们怀揣虔诚之心，面向茶山齐声高呼 “茶发芽啰”，以唤醒沉睡的茶树，表达对自然馈赠的感恩以及敬畏。

文化意义

2021 年 10 月，“喊山祭茶” 民俗被列入南平市第九批市级非物质文化遗产项目名录。它不仅是武夷山茶文化的重要组成部分，承载着茶人对大自然的敬畏和感恩，凝聚着他们对茶业发展的美好期许，也为做强茶产业增添了信心与动力，推动着武夷茶文化的传承与弘扬。

下面文字是AI翻译：

Wuyi Mountain Shouting Mountain is an ancient sacrificial custom in Wuyi camellia culture, reflecting the local tea people’s reverence for nature and their prayer for a good tea harvest. Here’s a closer look:

Historical origins

The custom of shouting mountains in Wuyi Mountain can be traced back to the Yuan Dynasty. In the second year of Yuan Zhishun (1331), Wuyi rock tea became a tribute to the imperial court, and the governor of Jianning Prefecture, who had jurisdiction over Chong’an County, built a “Shouting Mountain Terrace” on the side of Tongxianjing, which was dedicated to the imperial tea garden for royal roasted tea, and also built a “Shouting Mountain Temple” on the mountain to worship the tea god. Every year on the day of awakening, the officials of the imperial tea garden, together with the local county magistrate, led the servants who made tea, personally climbed the Shouting Mountain Terrace, worshipped the tea god, and begged the gods to protect the weather and rain in the coming year, and the tea harvest was abundant.

Ceremony process and content

Sacrifice time: Every year before and after the awakening, each mountain will hold a grand mountain shouting ceremony, and activities such as opening the mountain and picking tea before and after the “valley rain” will be carried out.

Sacrifice process: In ancient times, local officials would lead the officials of the imperial tea garden and the tea garden staff to shout the mountain platform, offer three animals, wine and food, light incense and candles, worship, and read the sacrificial text. Nowadays, in the main venues such as Kowloon Nest, there will be intangible cultural heritage inheritors, tea company representatives, etc. to participate in the tea sacrifice and prayer, and they will shout “tea sprouting” in unison to the tea mountains with a pious heart, so as to awaken the sleeping tea trees and express their gratitude and awe for the gifts of nature.

Cultural significance

In October 2021, the folk customs of “Shouting Mountain Sacrificial Tea” were included in the ninth batch of municipal intangible cultural heritage projects in Nanping City. It is not only an important part of Wuyi camellia culture, carrying the awe and gratitude of tea people to nature, embodying their beautiful expectations for the development of the tea industry, but also adding confidence and motivation to strengthening the tea industry, and promoting the inheritance and promotion of Wuyi tea culture.