六安舒城小兰花制作方法

六安舒城小兰花,名字听着就带着一股子山野的清气。这茶做起来,说难也难,说简单也简单,全凭手上那点功夫和心里那点耐心。头一道工序是采摘,得赶在谷雨前后,选那晴天的早晨,露水干了再动手。标准是一芽一叶或一芽二叶,芽头要壮实,叶片要柔嫩,掐下来不能用力,得用指甲轻轻一掰,免得伤了茶汁。

采回来的鲜叶要摊在竹匾里,这叫“摊青”。薄薄一层,放在阴凉通风处,让叶子里的水分慢慢走掉一部分。摊多久得看天气,通常两三个小时,摸上去叶子发软、失了脆劲儿,就算好了。

接下来是杀青,这是最关键的一步。锅要先烧热,手伸到锅上方能感觉到烫手,大约两百度上下。鲜叶倒进去,双手迅速翻炒,动作要快,要匀,让每一片叶子都受热均匀。听着锅里“噼啪”作响,叶子在手里变得滚烫柔软,这时候得赶紧把火压小点,不然容易焦边。炒到叶子颜色变深,青气散尽,透出股子熟香,就可以出锅了。

出锅的叶子得马上揉捻。摊在竹匾里,双手轻轻顺着一个方向搓揉,让叶子的汁液跑出来,茶条卷紧。揉的力道不能太大,碎了就不好看,也不能太轻,茶不成形。揉完再放回锅里,用小火慢慢“理条”,一边抖散,一边把茶条捋直,直到表面起了一层薄薄的白霜,手感干燥,这茶就算做成了。

做好的小兰花,干茶蜷曲如勾,带点白毫,泡开来汤色清亮,香气清雅,带着一股兰花似的幽香。整个过程说下来,也不过是摊、炒、揉、烘几个字,但里头每一道都得拿捏着分寸,急不得,也懒不得。

武夷山喊山

武夷山喊山是武夷山茶文化中一种古老的祭祀风俗,体现了当地茶人对自然的敬畏和对茶叶丰收的祈愿。以下是详细介绍:

历史渊源

武夷山喊山习俗最早可追溯至元代。元至顺二年(1331 年),武夷岩茶成为朝廷贡品,管辖崇安县的建宁府总管在专为皇家焙茶的御茶园的通仙井之畔建了 “喊山台”,山上还建了 “喊山寺”,用于供奉茶神。每年惊蛰之日,御茶园的官吏偕同当地县令带领做茶的隶卒,亲自登临喊山台,祭祀茶神,乞求神灵庇护来年风调雨顺,茶叶丰收,武夷茶农喊山的古老祭神仪式便源于此。

武夷山喊山
武夷山喊山

仪式流程及内容

祭祀时间:每年惊蛰前后,各山头都会举办隆重的喊山仪式,在 “谷雨” 前后进行开山采茶等活动。

祭祀流程:古时,地方官员会率领御茶园官吏及茶园员工,前往喊山台,供以三牲、酒馔,点香燃烛,顶礼膜拜,宣读祭文。如今,在九龙窠等主会场,会有非遗传承人、茶企代表等参与祭茶祈福,他们怀揣虔诚之心,面向茶山齐声高呼 “茶发芽啰”,以唤醒沉睡的茶树,表达对自然馈赠的感恩以及敬畏。

武夷山喊山
武夷山喊山

文化意义

2021 年 10 月,“喊山祭茶” 民俗被列入南平市第九批市级非物质文化遗产项目名录。它不仅是武夷山茶文化的重要组成部分,承载着茶人对大自然的敬畏和感恩,凝聚着他们对茶业发展的美好期许,也为做强茶产业增添了信心与动力,推动着武夷茶文化的传承与弘扬。

下面文字是AI翻译:

Wuyi Mountain Shouting Mountain is an ancient sacrificial custom in Wuyi camellia culture, reflecting the local tea people’s reverence for nature and their prayer for a good tea harvest. Here’s a closer look:

Historical origins

The custom of shouting mountains in Wuyi Mountain can be traced back to the Yuan Dynasty. In the second year of Yuan Zhishun (1331), Wuyi rock tea became a tribute to the imperial court, and the governor of Jianning Prefecture, who had jurisdiction over Chong’an County, built a “Shouting Mountain Terrace” on the side of Tongxianjing, which was dedicated to the imperial tea garden for royal roasted tea, and also built a “Shouting Mountain Temple” on the mountain to worship the tea god. Every year on the day of awakening, the officials of the imperial tea garden, together with the local county magistrate, led the servants who made tea, personally climbed the Shouting Mountain Terrace, worshipped the tea god, and begged the gods to protect the weather and rain in the coming year, and the tea harvest was abundant.

Ceremony process and content

Sacrifice time: Every year before and after the awakening, each mountain will hold a grand mountain shouting ceremony, and activities such as opening the mountain and picking tea before and after the “valley rain” will be carried out.

Sacrifice process: In ancient times, local officials would lead the officials of the imperial tea garden and the tea garden staff to shout the mountain platform, offer three animals, wine and food, light incense and candles, worship, and read the sacrificial text. Nowadays, in the main venues such as Kowloon Nest, there will be intangible cultural heritage inheritors, tea company representatives, etc. to participate in the tea sacrifice and prayer, and they will shout “tea sprouting” in unison to the tea mountains with a pious heart, so as to awaken the sleeping tea trees and express their gratitude and awe for the gifts of nature.

Cultural significance

In October 2021, the folk customs of “Shouting Mountain Sacrificial Tea” were included in the ninth batch of municipal intangible cultural heritage projects in Nanping City. It is not only an important part of Wuyi camellia culture, carrying the awe and gratitude of tea people to nature, embodying their beautiful expectations for the development of the tea industry, but also adding confidence and motivation to strengthening the tea industry, and promoting the inheritance and promotion of Wuyi tea culture.