标签： 非遗传承人

武夷山喊山是武夷山茶文化中一种古老的祭祀风俗，体现了当地茶人对自然的敬畏和对茶叶丰收的祈愿。以下是详细介绍：

历史渊源

武夷山喊山习俗最早可追溯至元代。元至顺二年（1331 年），武夷岩茶成为朝廷贡品，管辖崇安县的建宁府总管在专为皇家焙茶的御茶园的通仙井之畔建了 “喊山台”，山上还建了 “喊山寺”，用于供奉茶神。每年惊蛰之日，御茶园的官吏偕同当地县令带领做茶的隶卒，亲自登临喊山台，祭祀茶神，乞求神灵庇护来年风调雨顺，茶叶丰收，武夷茶农喊山的古老祭神仪式便源于此。

仪式流程及内容

祭祀时间：每年惊蛰前后，各山头都会举办隆重的喊山仪式，在 “谷雨” 前后进行开山采茶等活动。

祭祀流程：古时，地方官员会率领御茶园官吏及茶园员工，前往喊山台，供以三牲、酒馔，点香燃烛，顶礼膜拜，宣读祭文。如今，在九龙窠等主会场，会有非遗传承人、茶企代表等参与祭茶祈福，他们怀揣虔诚之心，面向茶山齐声高呼 “茶发芽啰”，以唤醒沉睡的茶树，表达对自然馈赠的感恩以及敬畏。

文化意义

2021 年 10 月，“喊山祭茶” 民俗被列入南平市第九批市级非物质文化遗产项目名录。它不仅是武夷山茶文化的重要组成部分，承载着茶人对大自然的敬畏和感恩，凝聚着他们对茶业发展的美好期许，也为做强茶产业增添了信心与动力，推动着武夷茶文化的传承与弘扬。

下面文字是AI翻译：

Wuyi Mountain Shouting Mountain is an ancient sacrificial custom in Wuyi camellia culture, reflecting the local tea people’s reverence for nature and their prayer for a good tea harvest. Here’s a closer look:

Historical origins

The custom of shouting mountains in Wuyi Mountain can be traced back to the Yuan Dynasty. In the second year of Yuan Zhishun (1331), Wuyi rock tea became a tribute to the imperial court, and the governor of Jianning Prefecture, who had jurisdiction over Chong’an County, built a “Shouting Mountain Terrace” on the side of Tongxianjing, which was dedicated to the imperial tea garden for royal roasted tea, and also built a “Shouting Mountain Temple” on the mountain to worship the tea god. Every year on the day of awakening, the officials of the imperial tea garden, together with the local county magistrate, led the servants who made tea, personally climbed the Shouting Mountain Terrace, worshipped the tea god, and begged the gods to protect the weather and rain in the coming year, and the tea harvest was abundant.

Ceremony process and content

Sacrifice time: Every year before and after the awakening, each mountain will hold a grand mountain shouting ceremony, and activities such as opening the mountain and picking tea before and after the “valley rain” will be carried out.

Sacrifice process: In ancient times, local officials would lead the officials of the imperial tea garden and the tea garden staff to shout the mountain platform, offer three animals, wine and food, light incense and candles, worship, and read the sacrificial text. Nowadays, in the main venues such as Kowloon Nest, there will be intangible cultural heritage inheritors, tea company representatives, etc. to participate in the tea sacrifice and prayer, and they will shout “tea sprouting” in unison to the tea mountains with a pious heart, so as to awaken the sleeping tea trees and express their gratitude and awe for the gifts of nature.

Cultural significance

In October 2021, the folk customs of “Shouting Mountain Sacrificial Tea” were included in the ninth batch of municipal intangible cultural heritage projects in Nanping City. It is not only an important part of Wuyi camellia culture, carrying the awe and gratitude of tea people to nature, embodying their beautiful expectations for the development of the tea industry, but also adding confidence and motivation to strengthening the tea industry, and promoting the inheritance and promotion of Wuyi tea culture.

武夷山竹刻是福建武夷山地区的传统雕刻艺术，以下是关于它的详细介绍：

历史渊源

竹刻始于西汉，在明朝迎来繁荣鼎盛，历史底蕴深厚。

上世纪九十年代中期，张栋华参与武夷碑林征稿工作，书法、碑刻的学习工作经历，为武夷竹刻艺术的发展打下了扎实的基础。

艺术特色

题材丰富：以武夷山水、摩崖石刻、朱子理学、茶文化等地域文化内容为题材，如《九曲棹歌》《武夷奇胜图》等作品，既展现了武夷山的自然风光，又体现了当地的人文底蕴。

技法多样：雕刻方法主要有阴线、阳刻、圆雕、透雕、深浅浮雕或高浮雕等，浅刻、浅浮雕同时并用。竹刻作品融中国传统书、画、印、刻于一体，风格独具。

形式多样：有长卷、横幅、扇面、笔筒、臂搁、尺牍、根雕等多种形式，气势恢宏的长卷、意趣盎然的扇面、古拙质朴的对联、精致风雅的臂搁、憨态可掬的竹根雕等，满足了不同人群的审美需求。

制作工艺

选材：材料通常取自深山老林四至五年之竹，入冬砍伐，此时竹子的质地更为坚韧，不易开裂变形。

前期处理：经防蛀防裂、整形阴干、打磨抛光等工序，使竹子表面光滑平整，为后续的雕刻做好准备。

雕刻创作：艺人根据设计好的图案或文字，用刻刀在竹材上进行雕刻，通过不同的刀法和线条表现出作品的神韵和意境。

后期处理：雕刻完成后，再进行浸漆上蜡等工序，既能保护竹刻作品，又能使其呈现出温润的光泽，增添艺术美感。

代表人物及作品

张栋华：福建省工艺美术大师、武夷竹刻非遗传承人，他的作品在各类赛事中屡获佳绩，入选第四至第八届全国刻字艺术展，连续五届斩获中国竹文化节中国竹业博览会金奖。如《清明上河图》《武夷奇胜图》《朱熹四季诗》等，曾在中国工艺美术精品展、百花奖、争艳杯等专业展览赛事中获金、银、铜奖百余项。

其他艺人：经张栋华授徒传艺的武夷竹刻技艺传承者已达五十余人，他们也创作了许多优秀的竹刻作品，为武夷竹刻的传承和发展贡献力量。

价值与意义

文化价值：武夷竹刻承载着武夷山地区的历史文化和民俗风情，是研究当地文化发展的重要实物资料，也是中华文化的重要组成部分。

艺术价值：其精湛的雕刻技艺和独特的艺术风格，具有很高的艺术欣赏价值，为中国传统雕刻艺术的发展提供了丰富的素材和借鉴。

经济价值：作为一种特色文化产品，武夷竹刻在旅游市场上具有一定的影响力，带动了当地文化产业和旅游业的发展，为地方经济发展做出了贡献。